My Family Vacation - Original Writing - 1935 Words

As families go, mine was what I thought of as normal – whatever normal may mean. We always took our summer family vacations in Durness in the Northwestern Highlands of Scotland. My Seanmhair, Skye Sutherland on my father’s side lived in a converted crofter cottage on the edge of the cliffs above the sea. The cottage is made of the same stone as the low walls near the cottage. I always loved going back each year to my father’s childhood home. The Highlands of Scotland were more than just the 5,333 miles from my home in Woodland Hills a suburb of Los Angeles, California. There were no malls and no traffic, no housing tracts in the Highlands – only the beautiful green cliffs above the sea. Staying at my Seanmhair’s home above the sea was always my favorite place to be. I would always go exploring on my own. I loved hiking the sea cliffs and checking out the seashore to see what treasures I might find in my wanderings. My sister Adaira, is two years younger, would sometimes join me in my daily adventures, but she’d little interest in exploring the Highlands or the seashore. Adaira spent most of her time in the village with her girlfriends. The summer of my fourteenth birthday, I encountered someone special. His name was Kendrick Morgan, we met by chance. As I walked along the shore looking out to the rocks beyond the surf, I spotted a raft of seals swimming among the towering quartzite pillars. The seals were so sleek and agile as they glided through theShow MoreRelatedMy Ambition In Life Essay To Become A C1082 Words   |  5 PagesMy ambition in life essay to become a collector Free Essays on My Ambition In Life To Become A Collector for students. Use our papers to help you with yours. My Ambition Become a Collector: exaggeration of your dream and thoughts of how you want to be in your life. My ambition is to become an IAS officer. Though I. My ambition in life is to become a teacher. There are a number of reasons for my choice. First, about 35 per cent of the people in India are illiterate. They are. Plan essay thirsha WebsitesRead MoreEffectiveness of Juvenile Incarceration1357 Words   |  6 Pagesher parents Regina and Edward O’ Connor. At the age offive, she taught a chicken to walk backwards. O’Connor attended Georgia StateCollege for women, now Georgia College, in Milledgeville, majoring in sociology.She had showed a gift for satirical writing, as well as cartooning since she wasa child. By the end of her undergraduate education, O’Connor knew that writingwas her true passion. She spent two years at the prestigious School for Writersat the State University of Iowa on scholarship. She receivedRead MoreHow Does It Feel to Be a Problem ?935 Words   |  4 Pagesthink that America is the land of care-free young adults who have nothing to worry about.Being Arab in America has never been easy. Being young Arab living in America is quite something. When I first laid eye on the book,which was given to me by my great English Dr. Sameer Ismaeel, Al-Najah university,I thought it was another book of how miserable Arabs are in the United States.These stories are fimiliar in the Arab world.People are divided into two categories,those who glorify America and makeRead More John Steinbeck Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagessupport his family. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;John enjoyed literature from an early age on. His mother read him the fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen, Robert Louis Stevenson, and the stories of King Arthur. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;John attended Salinas High School, an experience he generally disliked, but one bright spot in his high school carrer was his ninth grade English teacher, Miss Cupp. She admired the compositions he wrote and encouraged him to continue with his writing. ThroughoutRead MorePersonal Narrative : Nicholas Sparks1486 Words   |  6 PagesIt was an early spring Friday morning in my senior English class when I received a text from my dad: â€Å"I got us two tickets to the Nicholas Sparks movie premiere for The Lucky One tonight, and word has it that there’s lots of celebrities coming to town.† Of course, I was ecstatic and could hardly wait to get home from school and get ready. For my small hometown of New Bern, this was a huge deal. It only happened to be here because it’s Nicholas Sparks’ hometown as well. I drove home from school thatRead MoreFlannery OConnor and Her Southern Gothic Style1187 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor, known for her original Southern Gothic style of prose has been titled â€Å"the master of the short story† (O’Connor). Her application of symbolism and the themes of Southern religion deem her as one of the most influential writers in American history. Born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 and raised in the South, O’Connor was socialized as a member of the Catholic Church which proves evident throughout her writings. She studied journalism at the University of Iowa, but quickly migratedRead MoreThe Case Of Mount Rundle Hotel1282 Words   |  6 Pagescustomer service debacle Mr. McKenzie experienced months after going on, what was supposed to be a fun filled vacation in Canada. Next, a brief explanation is given of some of the indications that a future problem may have been looming over Mr. McKenzie regarding his trip arrangements ; however, the problems were just not visibly apparent at the time of his vacation stay. I go on to share my perspective on Mr. McKenzie’s handling of his customer service issues with Mount Rundle Hotel’s managementRead MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Self Portrait1232 Words   |  5 Pageswith friends, family, social media, and religion. This paper will allow me to reflect on three of my main core values and how they came to be incorporated into my life through basic self-reflection of past events and discussions with influential people. My core values include: family, compassion, and integrity. Growing up as a child I have always been taught by my parents to act in a certain manner. I never realized how important their advice was until I experienced an incident during my adolescentRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne: An Author that Influenced and Reshaped our Literature1083 Words   |  5 PagesSalem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel and Elizabeth Hawthorne. His original las t name was Hathorne, but he added the w when he started writing to avoid confusion with his great-grandfather John Hathorne, a Salem Witch Trial judge. His grandfather was a Revolutionary War veteran, and his father, who died when he was three, was a sea captain. He also had two sisters, Elizabeth and Maria Louisa. After his father died, the Hawthorne family was poor, so his maternal grandfather, Richard Manning broughtRead MoreA Significant Journey in My Life - Original Writing Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesA Significant Journey in My Life - Original Writing As my family and I were returning from our short summer vacation in the in the mysterious and magical island on Bermuda a very unexpected, sad but true occasion occurred. After I had witnessed this occasion my view on life has never been the same again. The day we leaving to come back home from our travels abroad was one of the hottest days I will probably encounter in my entire life. We were in our taxi and travelling

Aldous Huxley s Brave New World - 1329 Words

In Aldous Huxley, Brave New World, life is peaceful without any rebellion from its citizens. The society is called ‘The World State’, where scientist can finally produce eggs, without women getting pregnant. As a result, there is no such thing as a â€Å"family†, and the word ‘Mother’ and ‘Father’ are consider as obscene. â€Å". . . the loathsomeness and moral obliquity of childbearing –– merely gross, a scatological rather than a pornographic impropriety† (Huxley 159). They use the Bokanovsky Process, in which they fertilize human eggs in a vitro and make the eggs split into identical copies. They condition the embryo in favor of what class the embryo will develop into. The castes are just the same as the Upper class, the Middle class, and the†¦show more content†¦Helicopters are now essential and a main part of travel in the World State society. They become an enjoyment to travel and see different things. There are no more cars, and even the Epsilon use a high-speed monorail as a mean to travel. Another form of entertainment are ‘feelies’. Feelies are theaters, where you can feel, physically, anything that the on-screen actors feel. â€Å"That sensation on his lips! He lifted a hand to his mouth; the titillation ceased; let his hand fall back on the metal knob; it began again†(Huxley 174). Feeling is a vital part in the World State society. When everyone feels good, there is no chaos but order within society. Because of this, the government can easily control the citizens and be in control. Indeed, no one will change the government when all the government is doing is keeping its citizens happy. They give their citizens freedom, but they limit every aspect of freedom by withholding the truth. The soma that the citizens take make everything impossible to think straight. They suppress the truth and only give what the citizens need . . . happiness. Promiscuity is accepted as a societal norm, and it is not regarded as obscene in society. As a matter of fact, it is natural to be promiscuous and it is encouraged at a young age to play sexual games. â€Å"A little boy of about seven and a little girl who might have been a year older, were playing . . . a rudimentary sexual game† (Huxley 44). Even

Beijing’s Transformation Free Essays

From a walled city to a modern metropolitan, from a closed culture to globalization and from ancient teashops to modern cafeterias and from birdcages to subways; the road to modernity has been a very long one for Beijing. There is a plethora of driving forces for the drastic changes that Beijing has undergone. There are huge contradictions about the way common people react to these changes and about how the new Beijing measures up to their vision of their city. We will write a custom essay sample on Beijing’s Transformation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This dilemma of choosing between tradition and modernity, between old values and new ethics and between age old culture and the world order, is not unique to Beijing. Developing countries, particularly oriental ones, are often faced with these difficult choices on the road to progress. The choice has to be made and made judiciously. Beijing’s cultural ethos is very closely related to the walls which were symbolic of so many things in Beijing’s culture, such as social status, direction, space, class, privacy and even prejudices. The changes that took place in the mindsets of people who were at helm, and the changes that were responsible for Beijing’s new look, can be tracked through the treatment meted out to these walls in different eras. The city was earlier enclosed within walls and the courtyards were separated from each other by walls. The walls contributed to Beijing’s mystery and charm that was part and parcel of its magnificence. But the first step towards modernization of Beijing was the flattening of these walls which had stood for so long as a symbol of Chinese culture in vogue in Beijing at that time. Right after the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, the onslaught of modernization was brought on and the walls were the first to feel the brunt of this modernization. The walls were pulled down to make way for fast tracks and western style buildings. This was the beginning of the end of old Beijing with its aura, cultural heritage and glorious history. Mao, in association with Soviet communists who had money, technical know-how and a vision, laid out extensive plans for the modernization and industrialization of Beijing. Though the Soviet Union and China fell apart in 1960, the foundation of the plans had already been laid and the modernization proceeded on similar lines. Factories were built in and around Beijing in large numbers. Rural agricultural faced a setback because the peasants abandoned the villages in order to join the urban work force. Worker’s settlements sprang up like mushrooms and Beijing became a modern industrial city of the world. The air which was earlier pure and healthy, now became smoky and has till now not been able to regain its earlier freshness. The walls now symbolized feudalistic attitudes to the new generation who were more for rapid industrialization. Hence the remaining walls, temples, courtyards, teahouses and pleasure houses, were sheared down. Their place was taken by dull and drab official buildings, standardized stores, apartment buildings and so on. Even holiday rituals were not left untouched. From folk fairs, the generation graduated to parades and rallies. Beijing was changing and changing rapidly. The walls were later sacrificed for the need of materials for civil defense and subway lines. Mao’s obsessive fear about Soviet invasion, caused tunnel digging to become the national occupation, in the 1970’s. The tunnels dug during that period still lie under the city. In a way, the walls that were once the awe inspiring feature of Beijing’s architecture now lie forgotten under the city. Historical reasons were at the forefront in the causes of Beijing’s makeover from a conservative, mysterious and culturally rich society to a modern, global village with loads of modern architecture and almost no historical heritage to speak of. Elitist Chinese architect Liang Sicheng wanted Beijing to grow to modernism but still remain in a delightful sync with its rich culture by concentrating the modernization outside the walled city. The plan was a beautiful orchestration of the divergent forces of tradition and modernity but the plan was laughed off for being too idealistic and impractical. Had it been implemented, Beijing would have had a different look altogether. The Chinese population, by and large, is divided into two major sectors- one segment consists of people who are all for modernization even if it comes at the cost of culture. The other genre is of people who believe that old cultural traditions must not be shed off like extra baggage in the long journey to progress. They must be preserved, nurtured and slowly evolved into what may be a great culture in the times to come. This conflict is foremost when we come to understand the psychology of people in developing countries about what they feel is the right way to attain development of economies and nation building. Beijing’s Urban Planning Commission member Hou, with his respectable credentials, firmly believes that architecture of any city should reflect the theme of the era. Chinese architecture, for centuries, was only reproducing itself and had made little progress. It had become stagnant and modernization calls for modern architecture as well. There are a lot of people who conform with the above views, people who believe that modernization is the new mantra and no country should be weighed down by its past. For many, the destruction of old values and ethics and old architecture does not amount to cultural vandalism simply because they believe they no longer serve any purpose in the modern world. All the things, artifacts, architectural wonders, rituals and values that are obsolete and impractical and unsuited to modern life styles, must die a natural death and people must not pine for them or be nostalgic. In the opinions of this new brigade of people, change is always for the better and we must learn to accept it in order to be in sync with the times. The old timers, conservationists, intellectuals and even some students, on the other hand, are less than happy about Beijing’s changing skyline. They are the cult who believes that modernization need not come at the destruction of old values and traditions. They still believe that Chinese architecture is still contemporary and practical, Chinese rituals are still relevant and Chinese values are still capable of illuminating the correct moral path to any individual. They believe that modernization of Beijing could have proceeded on different lines, tracks that would have ensured that the old traditions would have blended beautifully with the new traditions that came in with globalization. Chinese culture would then have been a colorful melange of values old and new, would have shed it weaknesses and evolved into a great culture. Development often brings with it loads of difficult choices which have to be made and made correctly by the people who hold the reins. If these choices are not made judiciously and the common people are not comfortable with them, we will get to see a divided society on the question of how good the progress is. Beijing is undergoing that phase today, where its citizens are into an intense conflict about whether the development is the need of the hour or is it just a burden on the culture and tradition which have worked for so long. The development has taken place so fast that people did not get the time to come to terms with it and were left wondering and gaping at what was happening to their system and to their ethnicity. By the time people realized that new values had infiltrated their society, it was already too late and they were left to adjust to the surroundings as far as they could for their own good. However, increasingly large numbers of people believe that development had to happen and the way it happened is of no consequence. New traditions and cultures are all part and parcel of this package and should be accepted as such. In all, this genre has no regrets about anything except the few minor mistakes like the deterioration of Beijing’s skyline which even they regret. By and large, the conflict is immense, the debate is still on and the result is eagerly awaited so that the road for future can be chartered insightfully. Such discords are common and all countries have either faced it at some point of time in history or are still into it like China. At the essence of such conflict is the vast difference in public opinions and their mindsets. Some are more akin to changes and take to them positively; others are averse to them and look at everything new with raised eyebrows and in suspicion. Hence the divided opinion about the sweeping changes accompanying the progress is somewhat expected. The people in power have to create an environment which is conducive of changes and take most of the people with them in the long voyage to progress. Public opinion will always be conflicting as such a vast number of individuals cannot think alike. But the operative word is ‘majority’ of the people. It is possible to create a favorable opinion in the minds of most of the people about what is happening around them and they have to be convinced that some good will come out of it. The development should be paced in such a way that the changes are not too drastic too fast and the people are allowed to adjust slowly to the changes. There are not two views about the fact that the cultural heritage of the countries is to be preserved. The rituals need to change a little bit to be more relevant and practical in the fast paced world. But the required changes in the ritualistic part to culture have to evolve and not coerced on the people. Only if the changes take place slowly will they be incorporated into the existing structure without creating ripples upon the surface of the calm water. It needs to be understood that what has been going on for a long time will take a bit of time to be mummified and we cannot and must not expect it to disappear as soon as we wish it to or as soon as something new comes up. On the road to progress, a fine balance and harmony needs to be struck between tradition and modernity. Beautiful old architecture, artifacts, and some delightful customs need to be remembered if only for the sake of tourism. The developing countries need to uphold their culture for posterity. It may sound cliched that the coming generations need to know their forefathers and their ancestral traditions; but in truth it is very important for the future that the progeny know, respect and appreciate their past. In the fast road to progress, we need to know about the values that made life livable, the customs that called for celebration and the traditions that created compassion and insight. The question Beijing is facing now is of great importance and needs to be dealt with properly by the people who have the power in Beijing. The city is in the throngs of a cultural crisis and in order to stop another Cultural Revolution from taking place, something needs to be done and done fast. What has been destroyed cannot be replenished but whatever still remains can be preserved. Beijing has too great a culture to be left to the elements of modernity. It needs to be preserved carefully so that it can be a legacy to the coming generations. No doubt, modernity is the need of the hour but the overlooked fact is that even cultural preservation is a requirement. If this fact is realized in time, maybe Beijing can be a utopia, with the desired blend of culture and globalization; like a beautiful modern city where relics of golden past have been carefully and passionately preserved. How to cite Beijing’s Transformation, Papers

Osmotic Team Communication in a Project Environment

Question: Draft a Research Problem Statement on Osmotic Team Communication in a project environment. The draft Problem Statement should be supported by research literature and should have the characteristics identified for a research problem as: Implies the possibility of empirical investigation Identifies a need for the research Provides focus Provides a concise overview of the research. Answer: Introduction Osmotic Team Communication has been an integral part of project management. There was a time when organizations has limited reach and they used to operate only in domestic market. That was the time when project management was easy. With time, organizations have expanded and today project teams are spread across multiple geographies. Today, the organizations like Google, Coca-Cola etc. have their presence in almost every part of the world (Sedivy, 2011). The management of these organizations have realized that communication is the key to success. The projects of multinational companies would spread across multiple regions and countries. There would also be virtual teams as part of these projects. It is important that all the team members and project manager should be able to communicate freely with each other. At the same time, it is also important that the time should not be wasted while communicating with other team members. In order to optimize the team, organizations and project managers have transformed the project delivery. Today, agile mode of delivery is a preferred mode of delivery. The focus of organizations is to develop effective and efficient communication channel within the system. Project managers have realize that Osmotic communication is a way to increase efficiency within the system. Osmotic communication focuses on rich and rapid feedback (Hillegersberg, 2012). The time is not wasted in Osmotic communication as it focuses on real time information sharing. In this era of globalization and high competition, more and more organizations have shifted to Osmotic communication and agile communication channel and delivery to manage huge and complex projects. Statement of the Problem Project managers have agreed that a lot of time is wasted in communicating the goals and objectives of projects. In fact, it has been observed that some of the projects would fail because the team or group lacked a single and shared communication platform. Most of the time of project managers is wasted to understand the expectations of all the internal stakeholders. The projects could be successful and delivered on time only when there is no gap between stakeholders expectations and management perception of stakeholders expectations. In turn, this gap could only be bridged when there exists a flexible and efficient communication system at place where the time of individuals should not waste (Fung, 2014). Project managers and organizations have realized that it is very difficult to create an agile platform for effective communication among all the stakeholders and team members. This difficulty has often resulted in loss of productivity for different employees and workers. This loss of productivity eventually result in project delay or budget and financial problems. The quality of deliverables is also suffered. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this mixed method of study is to determine the importance of Osmotic Team Communication in a project environment and to determine the ways to establish a platform of Osmotic Team Communication. This study would use both quantitative and qualitative methods. The primary research would be done only in United States of America and IT (Information Technology) industry; small IT service firms would be surveyed. Internet survey (over e-mail) would be used to collect data and information from respondents. A sample size of 200 people, both male and female would be used to collect to data. The initial Research Questions The research would be focused around Osmotic team communication in project environment. The objective of this research would be to help project managers to improve communication in project environment and work place. Q1: What are the benefits of Osmotic Team Communication in a project environment? Q2: How can project managers create an efficient project environment where time is not wasted in communication? Q3: How can project managers ensure an active knowledge sharing among all the employees and stakeholders? Hypotheses H10. Osmotic Team Communication help project managers to improve productivity of employees and efficiency of project. H1a. Osmotic Team Communication is not related with project operations. Definition of Key Terms Osmotic Communication. Indirect information transfer through overhearing conversations or simply noticing things happening around (Hovav, 2013). Employee Productivity. The number of units worked per day or per hour (Engelen, 2012). Project Efficiency. The time take to complete the project (Chen, 2011). Brief Review of the Literature Osmotic team communication and its benefits Meyer (2014) highlighted that when people are working close together, both physically and temporally, there exists an opportunity for what Cockburn calls osmotic communication: indirect information transfer through overhearing conversations or simply noticing things happening around. Osmotic communication can often be beneficial. Authors argued that one of the most important benefits of Osmotic communication is efficiency. It is mostly and informal channel of communication, therefore employees (people) would often find it interesting to participate in osmotic communication. Communication and knowledge sharing Mikulenas Kapocius (2011) argued that dialogue involves various members coming together as a group, each sharing their experiences, ideas and suggestions, learning from each other in order to resolve a problem or come up with a new idea. By having dialogue, the barriers slowly break down as people truly begin to understand and learn about the other culture sitting across from them. Communication and organization learning Paul, K., (2014) argued, Adapting comes easily when flexibility is part of the planning for the crisis. Therefore, it is important that the implementation of sustainability management is strategically principled and tactically flexible to capitalize on the competitive advantage derived from continuous readiness. Today, every organizationsvalue learning more than others, even those in the dynamic environment. Learning happens to be a continuous process, which inputs the individual or corporate body in a situation that uplifts their progress in any environment. However, any MNC that want to survive the competitive environment would not slack in learnability, which improves their efficiency and maintains their competitiveness. As such Drejer , A. (2000) stated that when organizations learn, individuals become agents who in some way influence the way others in the organization think, act and learn. This opens up for the power interpretation of organizational life and or learning. It can be said that learning of organization is directly linked to communication in the organization. Organizational learning, communication and knowledge sharing Korkmaz Miller (2011) argued that it is common knowledge that organizations spend millions on learning and development per annum. Yet, many managers do not measure the value and affect that learning and development has within their organization. Sustainable learning is integral to organizational survival. A competitive advantage is not only defined by new products; the role of strategy is to identify the talent that needs to be developed to ensure the organization can achieve and sustain a competitive advantage to retain a prominent position in the marketplace (Green, 2014).Strategic learning will assist the organization to have a knowledgeable and skilled workforce to maintain this competitive advantage and develop its talent. Bynum (2012) mentioned that organizations and other business environments especially as within medical and technological scenarios must continue to motivate and enhance all employees concerned in continuing to develop within their area as such it is seen as a must. Such must include the highly ever-changing technological updates, the new studies, and globalized market all to try to anticipate demands and obtain that competitive advantage. Research Method Typically, any research work would include primary research or secondary research or both. This research work would use a mix method of research. A mix method of research is one that uses both primary research methods and secondary research methods. The primary method of research would mainly use quantitative research methods. To complete the primary research, a sample size of 200 would be constructed. This would include people from different states of USA. A random sample method would be used to decide the respondents. While picking the sample, only IT organizations would be considered as population. Once the population is defined, a random sample of 200 employees and project managers would be picked. An online survey would be developed to collect data and information from this sample size. The sample would consists of both male and female with at least 30% (60 respondents) being female population. In addition, at least 70% (140 respondents) would be working in IT industry. The quantitative research methods would also include focus group interview and group discussion. A focus group of 10 people would be developed to collect data and information about osmotic communication, benefits of osmotic communication and challenges to os motic communication. These 10 people would be project managers in different companies. There would be around 10 to 15 questions in online survey and most of these questions would be closed in nature. The questions in focus group interview and group discussion would be open in nature. The secondary research methods would be mainly qualitative in nature. The secondary research would include data collection and analysis through secondary sources such as Internet and websites. A lot of research is already being done and the objective of secondary research would be to collect data and information from existing research work. It is important to mention that not all the studies on the Internet can be trusted. Therefore, only peer reviewed journal would be referred. It can be said that secondary research would be less time consuming than primary research and secondary research would include less data as compared to primary research. Operational Definition of Variables Employee Productivity. Units worked per day It would be measured on an Interval scale form 1to 100, 1 would mean least productive and 100 would mean high productivity. The high value would means that employees are productive. Project efficiency. Time taken for project to complete It would be measured on an Interval scale form 1to 10, 1 would mean least efficient and 100 would mean high efficient. The high value would means that project is efficient. Communication at workplace. It would define that how well can employees and stakeholders interact with each other It would be measured through a nominal scale. There would be four dichotomousset, no communication channel among all the stakeholders; only formal communication among all the stakeholders; informal but limited communication among stakeholders; highly informal, casual and productive communication among internal stakeholders. Measurement The primary research would be done with an online survey. The survey websites like surveymokey.com or any other website would be used to collect survey. The online survey would be mailed to sample. The data would be collected and organized in excel sheets. The basic tools like Microsoft Excel would be used to organize the data and filter the data. The tools like SPSS would be used to analyze the data and make useful conclusion from the data. SPSS would be used only to analyze quantitative data. The qualitative data and information would be stored in Microsoft word document. Reports would be made and these reports would be analyze the make useful conclusion. Summary The research work is to study the importance and benefits of Osmotic team communication in project environment. This research work is focused only for organizations operating in Information Technology industry in USA. The research would use both primary and secondary research methods to complete the research. A sample size of 200 people (employees and project manager) is considered to conduct the primary research. The secondary research would be done over Internet and websites. It is expected that research work would prove that Osmotic communication is beneficial for employees and projects as it helps people to participate in informal discussions and share ideas within the group and team. References Amrit, C., van Hillegersberg, J., Kumar, K. (2012). Identifying coordination problems in software development: finding mismatches between software and project team structures. arXiv preprint arXiv:1201.4142. Anthony, E. L., Green, S. G., McComb, S. A. (2014). Crossing functions above the cross-functional project team: The value of lateral coordination among functional department heads. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 31, 141-158. Brettel, M., Mauer, R., Engelen, A., Kpper, D. (2012). Corporate effectuation: Entrepreneurial action and its impact on RD project performance.Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2), 167-184. Drejer , A. (2000) Organizational learning and competence development volume 7 issue 4 Learning Organisation. Accessed 01/06/2015https://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1108/09696470010342306 Daim, T. U., Ha, A., Reutiman, S., Hughes, B., Pathak, U., Bynum, W., Bhatla, A. (2012). Exploring the communication breakdown in global virtual teams. International Journal of Project Management, 30(2), 199-212. Fung, H. P. (2014). Relationships Between Leadership Roles and Project Team Effectiveness as Perceived by Project Managers in Malaysia. Journal of Empirical Studies, 1(1), 1-22. Han, J., Hovav, A. (2013). To bridge or to bond? Diverse social connections in an IS project team. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 378-390. Hubalovsky, S., Sedivy, J. (2011, August). Education of students project team cooperation using virtual communication supported by LMS system. InInteractive Collaborative Learning (ICL), 2011 14th International Conference on(pp. 456-459). IEEE. Liu, J. Y. C., Chen, H. G., Chen, C. C., Sheu, T. S. (2011). Relationships among interpersonal conflict, requirements uncertainty, and software project performance. International Journal of Project Management, 29(5), 547-556. Meyer, B. (2014, January). Agile methods. In Agile! (pp. 133-143). Springer International Publishing. Mikulenas, G., Kapocius, K. (2011). An Approach for Prioritizing Agile Practices for Adaptation. In Information Systems Development (pp. 485-498). Springer New York. Nofera, W., Korkmaz, S., Miller, V., Toole, T. M. (2011, August). Innovative features of integrated project delivery shaping project team communication. InThe 2011 Engineering Project Organizations Conference. Paul, K., (2014) Chapter 18 Adapting Organizations to Effective Sustainability Management Page 125-132 Accessed 01/06/2015https://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/science/article/pii/B9780124172210000186